NETWORK TOPOLOGY



WHAT IS TOPOLOGY ?

Network topology is the arrangement of the various elements (link,nodes,etc)of a computer network.
essentially,it is the topological structure of a network and may be depicted physically or logically.

➤Topologies are divided into two types. one is called physically topology and another one is logically topology.

physical topology is placement of the various components of a network, including of a device location and cable installation,while logical topology illustrates how data flow within a network, regardless of its physical design.

Distances between nodes, physically inner connection,transmission rates,or signal types may differ between to network, yet their topology may be identical.


     - There are a number of reasons to understand about topology-
·                                The network topology impact performance
·                                The network topology is a factor in determining the media type used to cable the network.
·                               The network topology impacts the cost of cabling the network.
·                                Some access method works only with specific topologies.
·                                Knowledge of network layout /topology helps to optimize the network performance  and        troubleshoot network performance issues.
·                             The table show the cable types associated with each topology.

TYPES OF TOPOLOGY-

There are 6 types of different topology-
  1. BUS TOPOLOGY.
  2. RING TOPOLOGY.
  3. STAR TOPOLOGY.
  4. MESH TOPOLOGY.
  5. TREE TOPOLOGY.
  6. HYBRID TOPOLOGY.
                                                   

      

1.BUS TOPOLOGY.

Bus topology is a network where all the nodes are connected with each other with a single common cable .when one node wants to access another node on the network then it puts a message addressed to that device on the bus network.

BUS TOPOLOGY

Advantages of bus topology-

  1. It is very easy to connect to node or peripheral in this network.
  2. Bus network requires less cable length than any other topologies.

Disadvantages of bus topology-

  1. Is the total network as a depended on a single cable so if any problem occures in then main cable, the enter network shut down.
  2. This network cannot be used as a stand alone solution in a large building.

2.Ring topology:-

when each devices is serial in a closed ring pattern with a single cable then the network system is called a ring topology.as a train crosses all the platforms to reach its destination,ring topology does he same to pass a message from one node to another node.

Advantages of ring topology-

  1. The network does not anything without order. it needs to  access the token & the opportunity to transmitte.
  2. In this network each and every node has equal access to resources.
  3. The performance does not interrupted by any addition components.
  4. Network server not needed to control the connection between node.

Disadvantages of ring topology-

  1. In this network if any node break down then the entire network system stop working.
  2. The speed of transferring data is slower then any topology because the packet data passes all of through.
  3. The entire network could be affected by moving,adding and changing of devices.

3.Star topology.

In this confirmation all node are connected to a central hub with separated cable.here the central node or hub act like the main server and the other nodes which are connected to the central node,act like client devices.

Advantages of star topology-

  1. in this type of network it is very easy to add or remove a node to the network system.
  2. here if any fault occures it is very easy to find out and fix it up.
  3. if anyone node faces problem, the rest nodes performs smoothly without effecting the whole network.

Disadvantages of star topology-

  1. It is more expensive then any other topologies to build up the network because it requires excessive length of cable.
  2. The entire network goes down if the central node (hub)does not work properly and also if the other important nodes are disconnected from the network,example file server node stop working.
  3. The central hub expensive which makes the network more expensive.

4.MESH TOPOLOGY.

Here each and every network is interconnected with each other. it work independently.

Advantages of mesh topology-

  1. Adding or removing node in this network could be done easily without interrupting the other       node and the network.
  2. Here the transmission of data very easy because it transfer data from different nodes simultaneously.
  3. In this confirmation transfer of data does not get affected by peripherals because if one node fails there is always an alternative one.

Disadvantages of mesh topology-

  1. It is very hard to configure the network and very difficult to maintain.
  2. Mesh topology is comparatively expensive when compared with other topologies like ring and star topology.

 5.TREE TOPOLOGY.

A tree topology looks like a branches of the tree where each and nodes are connected with its parent's node. it is also called by the name star+bus topology.

TREE TOPOLOGY

Advantages of tree topology-

  1. Here finding finding out ant fault is very easy and not too hard maintain.
  2. If one of the any nodes get damaged the other hierarchical nodes are not affected.
  3. It is very easy extend he network as much administrator wants.

Disadvantages of tree topology-

  1. The network require a high maintenance.
  2. A lot cable is require to establish the network system.
  3. Trouble shooting of problems is highly difficult.

6.HYBRID TOPOLOGY.

Hybrid topology is the combination of two or more different network topologies.
this network is a mixture of both to-peer-to-peer and client server network. it can be either wired  or wireless network.

Advantages of hybrid topology-

  1. Here in this network the troubleshooter is far better than any other topologies.
  2. this type of network is very easy to expand.

Disadvantges of hybird topology-

  1. The structure of the network is hard to understand.
  2. It is very expensive to build up the entire network because of the requirement of cable and other peripherals.
  3. Multi-station access unit MAU is required.

By